EFFECT OF WORK-RELATED ICTS USE AFTER HOURS ON WORK-FAMILY BALANCE AND MEDIATING ROLES OF JOB BURNOUT: EVIDENCE FROM TEACHERS IN INDONESIA
Abstract
This study aims to identify the correlations between work-related ICTs use after hours (WIAH), work-family balance, and the possible role that job burnout plays as a mediator between these relations by examining the relationships between these three factors among 409 teachers in Indonesia. Each relationship between WIAH and job burnout and the relationship between WIAH and work-family balance can be identified as a significant positive relationship. However, there is a significant negative relationship between job burnout and work-family balance. Furthermore, when job burnout acts as a mediator, the correlation between WIAH and work-family balance becomes significantly negative. This study makes a contribution to research by developing an improved research model of how the relationship of WIAH and work-family balance and how job burnout mediates the relationship between these two factors. Secondly, the findings corroborated key aspects of the mediation model of job burnout.
References
Andrade, C., & Matias, M. (2021). Work-related ICT use during off-job time, technology to family conflict and segmentation preference: a study with two generations of employees. Information Communication and Society, 0(0), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1933564
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands‐resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2014). Job demands–resources theory. Wellbeing: A Complete Reference Guide, 1–28.
Barber, L. K., & Santuzzi, A. M. (2015). Please respond ASAP: workplace telepressure and employee recovery. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20(2), 172.
Bauwens, R., Muylaert, J., Clarysse, E., Audenaert, M., & Decramer, A. (2020). Teachers’ acceptance and use of digital learning environments after hours: Implications for work-life balance and the role of integration preference. Computers in Human Behavior, 112(January), 106479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106479
Boswell, W. R., & Olson-Buchanan, J. B. (2007). The use of communication technologies after hours: The role of work attitudes and work-life conflict. Journal of Management, 33(4), 592–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307302552
Braukmann, J., Schmitt, A., Ďuranová, L., & Ohly, S. (2018). Identifying ICT-related affective events across life domains and examining their unique relationships with employee recovery. Journal of Business and Psychology, 33(4), 529–544.
Chernyak-Hai, L., & Tziner, A. (2016). The “I believe” and the “I invest” of Work-Family Balance: The indirect influences of personal values and work engagement via perceived organizational climate and workplace burnout. Revista de Psicología Del Trabajo y de Las Organizaciones, 32(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2015.11.004
Day, A., Scott, N., & Kevin Kelloway, E. (2010). Information and communication technology: Implications for job stress and employee well-being. In P. L. Perrewé & D. C. Ganster (Eds.), New Developments in Theoretical and Conceptual Approaches to Job Stress (Vol. 8, pp. 317–350). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-3555(2010)0000008011
Dén‐Nagy, I. (2014). A double‐edged sword?: a critical evaluation of the mobile phone in creating work–life balance. New Technology, Work and Employment, 29(2), 193–211.
Derks, D., Bakker, A. B., Peters, P., & van Wingerden, P. (2016). Work-related smartphone use, work–family conflict and family role performance: The role of segmentation preference. Human Relations, 69(5), 1045–1068.
Derks, D., van Mierlo, H., & Schmitz, E. B. (2014). A diary study on work-related smartphone use, psychological detachment and exhaustion: Examining the role of the perceived segmentation norm. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 19(1), 74–84. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035076
Ďuranová, L., & Ohly, S. (2015). Persistent work-related technology use, recovery and well-being processes: Focus on supplemental work after hours. Springer.
Ferguson, M., Carlson, D., Boswell, W., Whitten, D., Butts, M. M., & Kacmar, K. M. (2016). Tethered to work: A family systems approach linking mobile device use to turnover intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(4), 520.
Friedman, I. A., & Farber, B. A. (1992). Professional self-concept as a predictor of teacher burnout. The Journal of Educational Research, 86(1), 28–35.
Grzywacz, J. G., & Carlson, D. S. (2007). Conceptualizing Work—Family Balance: Implications for Practice and Research. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 9(4), 455–471. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422307305487
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Indonesia Ministry of Education, Culture, R. and T. (2022). Issues Circular, Kemendikbudristek Approves Limited PTM 50 Percent in Level 2 PPKM Areas.
Lee, S., Zhou, Z. E., Xie, J., & Guo, H. (2021). Work-related use of information and communication technologies after hours and employee fatigue: the exacerbating effect of affective commitment. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 36(6), 477–490. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-12-2019-0677
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205
Ninaus, K., Diehl, S., & Terlutter, R. (2021). Employee perceptions of information and communication technologies in work life, perceived burnout, job satisfaction and the role of work-family balance. Journal of Business Research, 136(August), 652–666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.08.007
Park, J.-C., Kim, S., & Lee, H. (2020). Effect of work-related smartphone use after work on job burnout: Moderating effect of social support and organizational politics. Computers in Human Behavior, 105, 106194. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106194
Ragsdale, J. M., & Hoover, C. S. (2016). Cell phones during nonwork time: A source of job demands and resources. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 54–60.
Stroebe, K., & Missler, M. (2016). A resource pathway to action against discrimination: How burnout and work–family balance form obstacles to action. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 26(1), 18–31.
Tu, Z., He, J., Zhou, N., & Shen, X. (2021). Driver-passenger communicative stress and psychological distress among Chinese bus drivers: the mediating effect of job burnout. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 547. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10618-x
Wright, K. B., Abendschein, B., Wombacher, K., O’Connor, M., Hoffman, M., Dempsey, M., Krull, C., Dewes, A., & Shelton, A. (2014). Work-Related Communication Technology Use Outside of Regular Work Hours and Work Life Conflict: The Influence of Communication Technologies on Perceived Work Life Conflict, Burnout, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intentions. Management Communication Quarterly, 28(4), 507–530. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318914533332
Xie, J., Ma, H., Zhou, Z. E., & Tang, H. (2018). Work-related use of information and communication technologies after hours (W_ICTs) and emotional exhaustion: A mediated moderation model. Computers in Human Behavior, 79, 94–104. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.10.023
Yang, J., Zhang, Y., Shen, C., Liu, S., & Zhang, S. (2019). Work-Family Segmentation Preferences and Work-Family Conflict: Mediating Effect of Work-Related ICT Use at Home and the Multilevel Moderating Effect of Group Segmentation Norms . In Frontiers in Psychology (Vol. 10). https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00834
Zhang, N., Shi, Y., Tang, H., Ma, H., Zhang, L., & Zhang, J. (2021). Does work-related ICT use after hours (WICT) exhaust both you and your spouse? The spillover-crossover mechanism from WICT to emotional exhaustion. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01584-z
