International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research Perspective

Organic Rice Farming Development: Principles, Challenges, and Strategies: The Case of Subak Jatiluwih, Bali Province, Indonesia

Gede Sedana — 2025-11-14

In Bali province, a green revolution program has been introduced to increase rice productivity, but resulted in environmental degradation, including soil, water, and air, which is detrimental and endangers human health. One of the programs that has been implemented is organic rice farming practices, and encouraged to back to nature. This study has objectives to to determine the application of organic rice farming principles by farmers, the challenges faced by farmers in developing organic rice farming and the implications of developing organic rice farming. Subak Jatiluwih was selected by purposively selected as a research site. There are 60 farmer samples were taken by using simple random sampling. The collected data were then analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods.

The results pointed out that principles of organic rice farming applied by farmers are environmental and cultural friendly, integrated system, non-synthetic materials, utilization of local resources, and justice. The challenges faced by farmers in developing organic rice farming, namely: (i) farmers’ perception toward highly-cost for production; (ii) relative low productivity; (iii) number of consumers are limited; (iv) pest and disease risks; (v) farmers' dependence on synthetic chemical fertilizers; (vi) program of rice self-sufficiency; (vii) uncertainty market of organic rice; and (viii) limited organic materials. Government’s strategic efforts needed are: (i) increasing the production; (ii) empowering farmers; (iii) developing and implementing organic farming practices; (iv) strengthening institutions of farmers; and (v) establishing a market for rice organic.

Maintaining Positive Mental Health in a Turbulent World

Prof. Dr. Parin Somani1 — 2025-11-14

A turbulent modern environment including the COVID-19 pandemic, wars, climate crises, and rising societal tensions, have provoked a worldwide mental health crisis, disrupting social connections and psychological well-being. Such events create significant mental health processes, and the ability to identify proactive strategies to maintain optimal psychological functioning is paramount. Positive Psychology investigates phenomena enabling individuals and communities to flourish. A systematic review of the literature indicates that specific Positive Psychology strategies promote mental health in troubled circumstances. These strategies include gratitude, meaningfulness and purpose, tragic optimism, human connection, kindness, self-compassion, and nature contact. Evidence of their effectiveness during crises is presented. Their adoption is encouraged in personal and professional development and organisational training, individually and collectively. Though consistent use of the recommended strategies can optimise psych fortitude, the thorough recommendations remain preliminary until further analyses and confirmatory study designs provide more definitive guidance.

Advancing Forest Management through Collaboration between Government and Local Communities: Case Study in West Bali KPH

Jun Ichihara — 2025-11-14

Indonesia’s social forestry program and the establishment of Forest Management Units (Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan, KPH) aim to enhance sustainable forest management (SFM) through decentralized governance and community participation. This study analyzes forest management practices in the West Bali Forest Management Unit (KPH Bali Barat), focusing on Pulukan and Pendem villages in Jembrana Regency, where community forest management rights have been granted since 2017–2018. Using qualitative methods—including interviews with local leaders, social forestry groups, customary (adat) authorities, KPH officials, and other stakeholders, as well as site observations conducted from August 2024 to April 2025—the research examines institutional arrangements, socio-economic conditions, and cultural contexts shaping forest governance. Findings show that agroforestry development, ecotourism initiatives, and multi-stakeholder collaboration contribute to livelihood improvement and conservation outcomes, supported by the Balinese Hindu philosophy of Tri Hita Karana, which sacralizes forest spaces and reinforces community stewardship. However, limited financial resources, legal and managerial capacity gaps, and constraints on KPH authority hinder long-term sustainability. The study highlights the need for flexible governance that harmonizes cultural norms with formal regulations, strengthens KPH’s intermediary role, builds community capabilities across the value chain, and expands sustainable financing mechanisms. These insights contribute to understanding how cultural values, institutional frameworks, and collaborative governance interact in advancing SFM within Indonesia’s social forestry system

CLIMATE CHANGE, BLUE ECONOMY, AND SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS

Dr. P. K. Kaleena — 2025-11-14

Climate change has evolved from a distant threat into an urgent global crisis, with rising greenhouse gas emissions driving ocean warming, acidification, and deoxygenation. These changes endanger marine ecosystems, fisheries, and coastal communities worldwide. In response, the Blue Economy offers a transformative framework that integrates economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability. India, with its extensive coastline and large coastal population, exemplifies how science-based ocean management, sustainable fisheries, renewable offshore energy, and community-led initiatives can foster resilience and prosperity. Initiatives such as the Sagarmala Programme, Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY), SHORE Project, and seaweed cultivation demonstrate innovative approaches to marine conservation, circular economy models, and climate adaptation. By aligning national strategies with global commitments like the Paris Agreement and the UN Sustainable Development Goals, India is emerging as a leader in sustainable ocean governance. The convergence of climate action and the Blue Economy presents a critical opportunity to restore ocean health, empower coastal communities, and secure a sustainable future for generations to come.

REIMAGINING PEDAGOGY IN HIGHER EDUCATION THROUGH INQUIRY AND COGNITIVE ENGAGEMENT: A BLOOM’S TAXONOMY AND SDG-ALIGNED APPROACH

Dr. Mujeera Fathima — 2025-11-14

The need for pedagogical transformation in higher education has never been greater. As global
challenges demand creative, competent, and critical thinkers, educators must adopt frameworks that
transcend rote memorization and passive learning. By integrating Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy with the
innovative approaches of Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) and Process-Oriented Guided Inquiry
Learning (POGIL), this keynote explores how higher education can empower learners to become
active co-constructors of knowledge. The pedagogical alignment with the United Nations Sustainable
Development Goals, particularly SDG 4 (Quality Education), positions inquiry-driven teaching as a
tool for equitable, inclusive, and sustainable educational reform.

IOT BASED DATA ACQUISITION FOR TERRACE GARDENING

Dr. M. Dhinakaran — 2025-11-14

The Internet of Things is used in current age of creative computing and it’s providing opportunities to communicate around the world. IoT describes a system where items in the real world, and also sensors within or attached to these items, are connected to the Internet via wireless and wired connections. M2M communications and intelligence drawn from the devices and therefore the network can enable businesses to alter bound basic tasks while not looking at central or cloud-based applications and services. The Aim of this paper is to monitor the environment of the plants in terrace garden. This can be done by measuring parameters such as temperature, humidity, soil moisture and light intensity of the garden. Here in this paper, the data of these parameters are collected and viewed in the form of graph by using thing speak website (online platform, in which data is represented graphically). The data displayed as an output can be observed and forecasted. Now a day’s terrace gardening is developing in cities. The terrace garden is helpful for a family to meetup at least some of the vegetable needs. Thus, this project is used for monitoring environmental data of the plants in order to improve the effectiveness of terrace gardening.

BUILDING EARLY CHARACTER THROUGH LITERATURE CREATIVITY IN “WAYANG”

Nyoman Yulio Kardona — 2025-11-14

While character education is still a hot topic for the government and remains a frequently discussed topic, its implementation remains suboptimal, particularly in terms of supporting media. Character itself is a very essential element in a person's environment, even in the life of a nation and state However, there is still a medium for understanding and implementing the values contained in character education that is under-explored: Wayang, a part of literature, namely oral literature. Wayang can be used as a medium for understanding various life values, one of which is the value of character education. In practice, it can be used in schools and the surrounding environment. One example is in Bali, which still maintains the Wayang tradition. Wayang in Bali is one of the sacred means in life, which is marked by the Tumpek Wayang Feast Day (Rahinan). It has been a hereditary and ingrained tradition for Hindus to carry out various mandatory activities during Rahinan Tumpek Wayang. One of these is the Sapuh Leger Wayang Performance. Because it is obligatory, Wayang performances in Bali are familiar to children from an early age. Therefore, Wayang can become a literary medium from an early age, especially oral literature with the function of educating and implementing all kinds of values, including the values contained in character education.

TRANSFORMING SOCIAL LIFE IN BALINESE SOCIETY THROUGH PANCASILA VALUES IN THE ERA OF DIGITALIZATION

I Gusti Ngurah Santika — 2025-11-14

This study explores the transformation of social life in the communities of Klungkung and Karangasem, Bali, based on the values of Pancasila amidst the rapid digitalization era. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation, and document analysis involving community leaders, youth, elders, digital content creators, and local government officials. The findings reveal that Pancasila remains a fundamental ideological foundation for social cohesion and cultural identity, manifested through traditional rituals and communal practices. At the same time, digital platforms serve as new spaces for expressing and adapting Pancasila values, especially among younger generations. However, intergenerational differences in perspectives and emerging ethical challenges such as misinformation and cyberbullying indicate the need for digital literacy programs grounded in Pancasila principles. This study concludes that sustaining Pancasila values in Bali’s social life requires integrated efforts encompassing cultural preservation, ethical digital adaptation, and multi-generational dialogue to ensure social harmony in the digital era. The results contribute to broader understandings of how national ideology interacts with local culture and technology in contemporary Indonesian society.

THE USE OF RICE POLISHING MACHINE TOSHI KINHE MPGV 50 IN INCREASING RICE YIELD IN RMU AT SUBAK BENGKEL, TABANAN

Pande Made Ari Ananta Paramarta — 2025-11-14

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major commodity that determines national food security, with rice yield as an important indicator of post-harvest success. Rice yield in Subak Bengkel, Tabanan is still low (45–50%) due to the use of conventional Rice Milling Units (RMUs) that are less efficient. This study aims to analyze the adoption of the Toshi Kinhe MPGV 50 Rice Polishing Machine innovation and its effect on increasing rice yield. The research method uses SEM-PLS to analyze innovation adoption factors and multiple linear regression to examine the effect of technology on yield. The results show that innovation adoption is significantly influenced by relative advantage (0.42), observability (0.40), compatibility (0.36), and trialability (0.31), while complexity (-0.28) has a negative effect. The regression model with R² = 0.71 shows that machine adoption, usage intensity, grain moisture content, operator experience, and RMU capacity explain 71% of the variation in rice yield. The Toshi Kinhe MPGV 50 machine has been proven to increase yield by more than 5% and improve the physical quality of rice. Consequently, machine adoption needs to be supported by operator training, grain moisture management, and field demonstration programs to expand its application and improve farmer welfare.

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION (MnD) BOARD MEDIADEVELOPMENT TO INCREASE THE MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISIONCALCULATION ABILITY OF CLASS III ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Dewa Ayu Made Manu Okta Priantini — 2025-11-14

This study aims to produce learning media in the form of Multiplication And Division (MnD) boards to improve the ability to calculate multiplication and division of third grade students of SD Negeri 6 Sumerta which is feasible to be applied in classroom learning. This research was a development research using the ADDIE model which consists of five stages namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects consisted of 2 media experts, 2 material experts, and users consisting of 34 students and 2 teachers. While the object of this research included the validity of Multiplication and Division (MnD) board media to improve the ability to calculate multiplication and division of mathematics. The data collection instruments used were media and material validation sheets, media practicality questionnaires, and multiplication and division tests. The research data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that the media validity test got a result of 0.86 with very high criteria, then the results of the material validity test got a result of 1.00 with valid criteria, the results of the practicality test got an average score of 92.5% with very practical criteria, then the results of the effectiveness test in the form of student calculation ability scores of 91.24 with very good criteria. The conclusion of this study was that the Multiplication And Division (MnD) board media developed has met the criteria for feasibility for use in learning mathematics and was effective in improving the ability to calculate multiplication and division of third grade students of SD Negeri 6 Sumerta.

JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROVISIONS ON REST TIME FOR DOMESTIC WORKERS (PRT) IN INDONESIA

Ida Bagus Bayu Brahmantya — 2025-11-14

Article 7 letter e of the Regulation of the Minister of Manpower Number 2 of 2015 concerning the Protection of Domestic Workers: “Domestic Workers have the right: e. to obtain sufficient rest time”, is still controversial regarding rest time which causes normative ambiguity. A juridical analysis is needed to understand the provisions on rest time for Domestic Workers in Indonesia. Therefore, this research is titled “Juridical Analysis of the Provisions on Rest Time for Domestic Workers (PRT) in Indonesia”, with the problem formulation being: what is the regulation regarding Domestic Workers based on the applicable statutory provisions in Indonesia and what is the legal certainty regarding the provisions on rest time for Domestic Workers in Indonesia.

The type of research used is normative legal research, and the approaches used are the statutory approach and the conceptual approach, as well as using descriptive analysis.

The conclusion is that the regulation related to Domestic Workers in Indonesia where Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower is more focused on formal employment, and the issuance of the Regulation of the Minister of Manpower Number 2 of 2015 concerning the Protection of Domestic Workers is important to protect Domestic Workers; legal certainty related to the provisions on rest time for Domestic Workers, especially the phrase "rest time" which is not specifically explained thus causing ambiguity in the application of rest rights. Suggestions to lawmakers regarding the regulation of Domestic Workers in Indonesia to ensure effective implementation and law enforcement, and to avoid normative ambiguity related to “sufficient rest time” by including a clear and specific definition regarding rest time, including duration, implementation time, and other related rights.

CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND THE EVOLUTION OF NETWORKING-DRIVEN LOGISTICS BUSINESS MODELS: EXAMINING THE ROLES OF DIGITAL INTEGRATION AND STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION

P Subha — 2025-11-14

The shift toward a circular economy is now a ke⁠y importanc‍e for modern logistics‍ business⁠es looking to grow sustainably a‌n‌d stay comp‌etitive. This s‍tudy ex‍pressions a⁠t how b‍usiness models based o‌n networ‌king, digital tools, a⁠nd‌ coope‌rat‌ion among diverse groups affect the‍ use and success of circular‌ e‍conomy practices in I⁠ndia's logisti⁠cs industry. The core data came from reverse logis⁠tics partners a⁠nd as analysed using EFA to check if the ideas being studied were clearly defined and reliable. The result‌s show th⁠at usi⁠ng digital tool‍s and working t‍ogeth‍e⁠r in networks improves tran‍sparenc‌y, resour‍ce r⁠ecovery, and creating share⁠d‍ value. The internal c‌onsistency of the data is robust, with an alpha value of 0.893, and fo‌ur related b‍ut disti‍nct factors to‍gether clarify about 72.⁠46% of the va⁠riation. The results hi‌ghlight that merging d⁠igita‌l changes, network systems, an‍d stakeholder par‍tic⁠ipation creates a‌ solid g‌roundwor‌k for‍ building sus‍tainable logistics models‌ tha⁠t support the circular‍ ec⁠o⁠n‌omy.

THE PRESENCE OF PEST PARACOCCUS MARGINATUS AND NATURAL PREDATORS ON CASSAVA PLANTS IN KINTAMANI, BANGLI

I Wayan Dirgayana — 2025-11-14

Manihot esculenta Crantz is an important commodity in tropical regions but is vulnerable to pest attacks such as the mealybug ( Paracoccus marginatus ). This study aimed to document the occurrence of mealybugs and their natural predators in cassava agroecosystems in Kintamani, Bangli. The research was conducted from June to August 2025 in four cassava plots using a survey method. In each plot, 20 sample plants were observed, and three leaves from each plant were collected to count mealybug and predator populations. Data were analyzed to determine prevalence, density, and the relationship between predators and pests. The observations revealed that the population of P. marginatus increased over time, with the highest average density of 14.3 individuals per leaf in location 4. The overall mean population density across the four sites ranged from 7.67 to 8.71 individuals per leaf. The predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri was found in all sites but at relatively low densities, ranging from 0.42 to 0.71 individuals per leaf. The low predator density is thought to be influenced by the presence of tending ants that protect mealybug colonies. Nevertheless, a negative correlation was observed between mealybug density and predator abundance, indicating the potential role of C. montrouzieri as a biological control agent. These findings are consistent with previous reports that predators from the Coccinellidae family play an important role in suppressing mealybug populations, although their effectiveness is strongly influenced by environmental conditions, farming practices, and interactions with other organisms. The low predator-to-pest ratio in this study area indicates that natural control capacity remains limited. Therefore, integrated biological control strategies are needed through the conservation of natural enemies, predator augmentation, and the implementation of environmentally friendly farming practices. This study highlights the importance of natural predators in supporting the sustainability of mealybug management in cassava, particularly in the highland areas of Kintamani.

THE LEGAL STANDING OF CORPORATE ORGANS IN THE DISSOLUTION PROCESS OF A LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY THROUGH A COURT DECISION

Ni Made Trisna Dewi — 2025-11-14

This study discusses the legal regulations regarding the dissolution of Limited Liability Companies based on Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies (Company Law/UUPT) and highlights the importance of legal certainty in petitions for dissolution submitted by shareholders, directors, or commissioners to the court. The objective of the research is to analyze the legal norms within the Company Law that serve as the basis for dissolution and to identify conflicts of norms that may give rise to uncertainty in judicial practice. The research method employed is normative legal research using a statute approach as well as a conceptual approach.The results of the study indicate that the regulation of the dissolution of limited liability companies is provided in Articles 142 to 152 of the Company Law. However, issues arise regarding the legal standing of company organs entitled to submit a petition for dissolution. The conclusion of this study is that the position of company organs in the dissolution process is stipulated in Article 146 paragraph (1) letter c of the Company Law, which grants the right to shareholders, directors, or commissioners to file for dissolution if the company can no longer continue its business activities. In practice, however, differences in interpretation occur regarding the requirements for submission, including the necessity to prove that the company has been inactive for three years and has reported this to the tax authorities. This lack of clarity may lead to conflicts among company organs. Therefore, regulatory harmonization and judicial guidelines are needed to ensure that company dissolution provides legal certainty and protection.

ANALYSIS OF THE RATE OF SYMPTOM DEVELOPMENT OF FUSARIUM SP. CAUSING VANILLA STEM ROT ON ARTIFICIAL MEDIUM AND LIVING PLANTS

Made Mika Mega Astuthi — 2025-11-14

Vanilla stem rot disease (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) is one of the most destructive fungal diseases affecting vanilla cultivation worldwide. It is caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium sp., which significantly reduces crop productivity and quality through stem necrosis, tissue softening, and plant death. This study aimed to analyze the rate and pattern of symptom development of Fusarium sp. infection under two different conditions: artificial medium (Potato Dextrose Agar/PDA) and living vanilla plants. The research was conducted at the Biotechnology Laboratory and the Laboratory of Plant Pests and Diseases using a descriptive observation method without statistical analysis. Inoculation was performed by culturing fungal isolates on vanilla stem cuttings placed on PDA medium and on healthy vanilla plants under controlled humidity and temperature. Daily visual observations were made to record the onset and progression of disease symptoms. The results showed that fungal mycelium began to develop on PDA on the second day after inoculation and fully covered the stem surface by the sixth day. In contrast, disease symptoms on living plants appeared on the sixth day, characterized by brownish lesions, tissue discoloration, and mild stem wilting. These findings confirm that Fusarium sp. has a high infection potential under humid environments and fulfills the initial criteria of Koch’s Postulates as the causal pathogen of vanilla stem rot disease.

AGROTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION OF THE SALIBU SYSTEM IN LOWLAND RICE CULTIVATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR CROPPING INDEX AND FARMING FEASIBILITY

Kadek Ayu Charisma Julia Dewi — 2025-11-14

The Salibu rice cultivation system represents an agrotechnological innovation with significant potential to support land intensification by increasing the cropping index (CI) and improving resource-use efficiency. This study aims to analyze the implications of applying the Salibu system on productivity, cropping index, and farm feasibility in lowland rice cultivation. The research employed a descriptive-analytical approach, integrating farm business analysis, revenue–cost ratio (R/C ratio), and direct field observations in farmers’ paddy fields in Tabanan Regency, Bali. The results showed that the Salibu system increased the cropping index from two to three planting cycles per year, with an additional potential yield of 4.92 tons of dry harvested grain (GKP) per hectare annually. Economically, the Salibu system was more efficient, reducing production costs by up to 25.81% compared to conventional transplanting systems, and achieved an R/C ratio of 2.1, indicating farm feasibility. From an agrotechnological perspective, the Salibu system not only delivers economic benefits but also enhances water-use efficiency, reduces dependence on external inputs, and aligns with sustainable agroecological farming practices. These findings highlight that the Salibu cultivation system can serve as a relevant land intensification strategy to address future challenges of food security and climate change.

CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE EDUCATIONAL EVALUTION AS A MULTIDICIPLINARY INNOVATION FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Ni Putu Ika Putri Sujianti — 2025-11-14

Educational evaluation plays a strategic role in ensuring the quality, equity, and sustainability of learning outcomes, particularly in the pursuit of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education). Traditional evaluation approaches often rely on standardized models that fail to recognize cultural diversity and contextual realities. This paper discusses culturally-responsive educational evaluation as a multidisciplinary innovation that integrates pedagogy, psychology, sociology, cultural studies, technology, and policy analysis. The discussion emphasizes that embedding cultural values and local wisdom into evaluation processes ensures inclusivity, character development, and sustainability. Examples from Indonesian contexts, such as gotong royong and tri hita karana, illustrate how local culture can be operationalized in evaluation practices. Furthermore, the integration of digital technologies and interdisciplinary approaches is shown to enhance transparency, adaptability, and fairness. The paper concludes that culturally-responsive and multidisciplinary evaluation is essential not only for achieving SDG 4 but also for contributing to broader goals such as equity, climate action, and social justice.

EVALUATING THE ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF AGNIASTRAM (3G’S) ON ASPERGILLUS NIGER

Dr. G.A Asif Jamal — 2025-11-14

In today's world, organic agricultural techniques have gained significant importance. Plants remain the primary source of fulfilling fundamental human needs, including food, shelter, and clothing. Despite advancements in technology, plants continue to play a vital role in ensuring healthy living. The use of bio-pesticides and bio-fertilizers has become increasingly prevalent in agriculture. Research is rapidly advancing in the development of bio-pesticides to combat plant diseases caused by pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. In this study an experimental work has been initiated to check the Bio pesticides and its control over particular fungi, Aspergillus niger. To check the Agniastram a biopesticide which is also a bio fertilizers such as 3G’S (Zingiberofficinale,Alliumsativum,Capsicum annum) was course applied into the well grown Aspergillus niger on a petridish in a invitro condition and to check the 3G’s efficicy. Phytochemical study was analysed and PDA nutrients was prepared to grow the fungal innoculam.

THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL LAND AGENCY OF GIANYAR REGENCY IN OPTIMIZING THE OWNERSHIP OF ELECTRONIC LAND CERTIFICATES AS AN EFFORT TO PREVENT DOUBLE CERTIFICATES

Sang Ayu Made Ary Kusumawardhani — 2025-11-14

The overlap of land certificates involves various legal aspects, including Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning the Basic Agrarian Principles (UUPA), Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration, as well as the procedures applied in the Prona program. The purpose of this research is to analyze the role of the National Land Agency of Gianyar Regency in optimizing the ownership of electronic land certificates as a strategic measure to prevent double certificates.The type of research used in this study is empirical legal research. The research location is the National Land Agency Office of Gianyar Regency. The results of this study show that the implementation of electronic land certificates requires a longer transition period because the public has not yet fully trusted the existence of these electronic certificates, which also poses a challenge. The conclusion of this study is that the role of the National Land Agency of Gianyar Regency in optimizing the ownership of electronic certificates is very crucial in efforts to prevent double certificates. Through digital transformation, the Gianyar Land Agency encourages the integration of land data into a verified and transparent electronic system. The challenges faced by the National Land Agency of Gianyar Regency in optimizing electronic certificate ownership include uneven technological infrastructure, limited human resources who understand digital systems, and the low level of public literacy regarding the use of electronic documents. In addition, there are still technical obstacles such as overlapping old land data and challenges related to administrative culture.

LITERATURE STUDY: AESTHETIC VALUES IN THE TRADITIONAL GAME OF MACEPETAN

Ida Ayu Putu Purnami — 2025-11-14

Bali is renowned for its ancestral linguistic and cultural heritage, one of which is traditional games that are gradually being abandoned. Traditional games are not merely a form of entertainment but also carry noble values passed down from generation to generation. One such example is the traditional game of Macepetan, a cultural heritage rich in noble values and aesthetic appeal, yet its existence faces challenges in the modern era. This study was conducted to examine the aesthetic values contained in the Macepetan game. Macepetan, derived from the word “cepet” meaning agile, is a game that requires agility, speed, and cooperation among players. The method used is a qualitative approach with literature review, including text analysis from the documentation “Traditional Games of Bali” (1986) and other relevant sources. The findings reveal that Macepetan not only serves as a form of entertainment but also embodies noble values such as sportsmanship, cooperation, and fairness. This game reflects important aesthetic, social, and moral aspects in shaping children's character. Thus, this study is expected to enrich the understanding of the aesthetic values of traditional games as an integral part of the nation's cultural identity.

The Effect of Manure Dosage on the Growth and Yield of Shallot Plants (Allium ascalonicum L.) in Subak Dangin Umah, Batubulan Kangin Village

Dewa Ayu Ari Febriyanti — 2025-11-14

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are a strategic commodity whose productivity in Indonesia is often constrained by declining soil fertility due to the intensive use of inorganic fertilizers. As a sustainable solution, this study evaluated the effect of manure application on the growth and yield of shallots. The research utilized a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four dosage treatments: D0 (0 tons/ha), D1 (10 tons/ha), D2 (20 tons/ha), and D3 (30 tons/ha). It was conducted in Subak Dangin Umah, Batubulan Kangin Village, Gianyar, Bali, from April to July 2025. Key variables measured included vegetative growth and yield per hectare. The analysis results showed that manure application had a significant effect on both growth and yield. Treatments D2 (20 tons/ha) and D3 (30 tons/ha) resulted in significantly higher vegetative growth and bulb yield compared to the control (D0). Fresh bulb weight increased significantly from 2.9 kg/plot (control) to 4.7 kg/plot (D2) and 5.0 kg/plot (D3). Although the 30 tons/ha dose produced the highest bulb weight, the yield increase was relatively small compared to the 20 tons/ha dose. Therefore, 20 tons/ha is recommended as the economically more efficient optimum dose. In conclusion, the use of manure not only boosts shallot yield but also supports soil quality improvement and the sustainability of the subak farming system in Bali.

FINANSIAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF ARABICA COFFEE FARMING IN MANIKLIYU VILLAGE, KINTAMANI DISTRICT, BALI

Luh Anggreni Dewi — 2025-11-14

This study analyzes the financial feasibility and development prospects of Arabica coffee farming in Manikliyu Village, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency, Bali Province. Arabica coffee represents one of the key highland commodities contributing significantly to the regional economy and rural livelihoods, particularly within the Kintamani Bali Coffee Geographical Indication (GI) area. The research aims to evaluate whether Arabica coffee farming is economically viable and to assess its potential for sustainable agribusiness development. Financial feasibility was analyzed using four standard indicators: Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C), and Payback Period (PP). Primary data were collected through structured interviews and surveys with 40 Arabica coffee farmers, while secondary data were obtained from relevant government agencies, cooperatives, and academic references.

The results reveal that Arabica coffee farming in the study area is financially feasible and profitable. The NPV value of IDR 45,860,000 per hectare indicates that the present value of benefits exceeds production costs over the economic life of the coffee plants. The IRR of 18.75% surpasses the prevailing commercial interest rate of 10–12% per year, suggesting that the investment generates attractive returns. The B/C ratio of 1.72 confirms economic efficiency, as every IDR 1.00 invested yields IDR 1.72 in benefits. Moreover, the Payback Period of 3.2 years shows that the initial capital investment can be recovered relatively quickly compared to the 10–15-year productive lifespan of Arabica coffee.

Overall, the findings indicate that Arabica coffee farming in Manikliyu Village is not only financially viable but also has strong potential as a regional flagship commodity. To ensure sustainability, continuous efforts are required to strengthen farmer institutions, enhance production efficiency, and expand access to financing and premium markets.

THE ROLE OF THE CHILD PROTECTION LAW IN HANDLING SCHOOL BULLYING CASES

I Gede Sujana — 2025-11-14

Bullying in schools has become a critical issue affecting the safety, psychological well-being, and educational development of children in Indonesia. Although Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection provides a legal framework to prevent and address violence against children, its implementation in bullying cases remains inconsistent. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Child Protection Law in responding to bullying in school environments, using a normative juridical approach. The research explores the scope of legal protections, the application of criminal sanctions, the use of restorative justice, and the institutional mechanisms involved in handling such cases. Findings indicate that while the law offers a strong foundation in theory, challenges such as limited legal awareness, weak institutional capacity, inadequate victim support, and cultural normalization of bullying reduce its practical effectiveness. The study concludes that a more integrated approach—combining legal enforcement, education, and institutional reform—is essential to realize the law’s full protective potential for children in school settings.

Assessment of Happiness Index among Higher Education Teaching Faculty Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Dr.G.Uma Maheswari — 2025-11-14

The well-being of teaching faculty is crucial for sustaining the quality of higher education. This study evaluates the Happiness Index of higher education faculty using a structured multi-criteria decision-making approach based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Key determinants of faculty happiness—work-life balance, institutional support, interpersonal relationships, compensation and benefits, recognition, and personal growth—were identified and prioritized through expert evaluations and faculty surveys. Pairwise comparisons and AHP computations determined the relative weights of each factor, and consistency ratios were verified for reliability. Results revealed that work-life balance and institutional support are the most influential drivers of faculty happiness, followed by recognition and interpersonal relationships. The resulting composite Happiness Index quantitatively represents faculty satisfaction and overall organizational well-being. This methodological framework provides actionable insights for policymakers and administrators to formulate strategies that enhance faculty happiness, teaching effectiveness, and institutional climate

TRANSLATING IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS: A STUDY OF TRANSLATION METHODS IN OMNISCIENT READER WEBTOON

Ni Wayan Swarniti — 2025-11-14

This research investigated the translation methods used to analysis idiomatic expressions from English into Indonesian in the Omniscient Reader webtoon. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method, which is suitable for analyzing non- numerical data such as idiomatic expressions in translated webtoon texts. Using Peter Newmark’s translation theory as a framework. Twenty episodes were analyzed with a focus on eight methods of translation: word for word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, idiomatic translation, communicative translation, free translation, and adaptation. The findings showed that communicative translation and free translation were most commonly used, reflecting the translator’s aim for naturalness and audience comprehension. This research emphasizes the need for strategic adaptation in idiom translation and confirms the relevance of Newmark’s framework for modern multimodal narratives.

LEGAL PROTECTION FOR CAR RENTAL COMPANIES IN THE EVENT OF BREACH OF THE RENTAL AGREEMENT(CASE STUDY AT PT. BALI GEDE RENT CAR)

Dr.Anak Agung Sagung Ngurah Indradewi,S.H.,M.H, — 2025-11-14

Implementing the lease agreement, if a debtor (tenant) does not do what has been agreed upon, he will be said to be in default. So he is negligent or negligent or denial. Problems in implementing the lease agreement will arise in the practice of renting a car, it turns out that the debtor or tenant only paid part of the rent which was not in accordance with the agreed agreement, in this case the debtor is in default. In this study, the author conducted research on car rental service providers at PT. Bali Gede Rent Car which provides daily, weekly, and monthly car rentals for private individuals. renting vehicles in the minibus category throughout Bali, providing vehicle storage for rent during the contract period, opening car rentals and car rental franchises, facilitate consumers by providing drivers, both within the city and outside the city at certain rates according to the company's terms and conditions. The driver's price does not include accommodation, therefore it is important for legal protection for the party renting out the car when carrying out car rental activities. Data obtained at PT. Bali Gede Rent Car in the last three (3) years, namely 2023, 2024 and 2025. In 2023 there were 8 cases, in 2024 there were 2 cases, in 2025 there were 5 cases. Based on this, this study raises two problem formulations, namely: 1. Why is the car rental agreement used as the basis for renting cars at PT. Bali Gede Rent Car? and 2. What form of legal protection is provided to the car rental company if the car renter experiences default on the car rental agreement at PT Bali Gede Rent Car? This type of research is descriptive empirical research using primary and secondary data sources where the data collection techniques field research techniques and interviews where the data obtained will be processed and analyzed using the Qualitative Descriptive method. The conclusion of this study is that the car rental agreement is used as the basis for car rental because the rental agreement is an absolute requirement that must be completed before giving the car keys to be rented ,where in the rental agreement there are rules that explain the mechanism of car rental and sanctions that will be imposed if the rental agreement is violated where point - point in the rental agreement must be obeyed by both parties. Forms of legal protection for car rental companies if the car renter defaults on the car rental agreement is a guarantee and compensation provisions contained in the car rental agreement where the car rental agreement starts with the process of picking up the car which is preceded by checking and returning which also ends with checking the condition of the car being rented out, so as to prevent default from both the lessee car or rental car party

EMPOWERING FARMERS THROUGH SUBAK INSTITUTIONS TO SUSTAIN CULTURAL AND ECOTOURISM IN BALI

Ni Putu Nina Eka Lestari — 2025-11-14

This study explores the empowerment of farmers through the traditional Subak institution as a strategic model to sustain cultural and ecotourism in Bali. Subak, as a UNESCO-recognized cultural heritage, operates based on the Tri Hita Karana philosophy that harmonizes relationships among humans, nature, and the divine. Using a qualitative approach through observation, interviews, and focus group discussions in Subak Pulagan, Tampaksiring District, Gianyar Regency, this study identifies the social and economic functions of Subak that support both agricultural sustainability and tourism development. The findings reveal that Subak maintains traditional management practices emphasizing cooperation, trust, and community-based rituals that attract cultural tourists. Farmer empowerment occurs through targeted participation, group collaboration, and economic strengthening, including capital access and agritourism development. The study formulates a model of empowerment that integrates local wisdom, institutional participation, and socio-economic transformation, enabling Subak to function as a sustainable cultural and economic entity. This research contributes to the discourse on community-based tourism, sustainable agriculture, and cultural preservation, providing insights for policymakers and stakeholders in rural tourism development.

INTEGRATION OF CULTURAL VALUES IN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION

Nyoman Windu Surya Sidantha — 2025-11-14

Globalization has brought significant changes to the social, economic, and cultural dynamics of society, including in the practice of development communication. In this context, integrating local cultural values becomes an essential strategy to ensure that the development process remains relevant to the community's social characteristics. This study aims to analyze how cultural values are integrated into development communication strategies to strengthen community participation and ensure sustainable development in the era of globalization. This research employs a qualitative method with a literature review and descriptive analysis approach toward various models of development communication that emphasize local wisdom. The findings indicate that the integration of cultural values—such as mutual cooperation, deliberation, and a sense of solidarity—enhances the effectiveness of development messages and strengthens the social legitimacy of local governance. Furthermore, the use of cultural symbols and narratives in development communication serves as a bridge between modernization and the preservation of local identity. Thus, development communication strategies grounded in cultural values function not only as tools for information dissemination but also as instruments for achieving harmonious and sustainable social transformation amidst globalization.

RESILIENT AND BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN STRATEGIES IN BALINESE ARCHITECTURE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Arya Bagus Mahadwijati Wijaatmaja — 2025-11-14

Balinese architecture reflects a harmonious integration between local wisdom, ecological adaptation, and cultural resilience. This paper explores how traditional and contemporary Balinese architectural approaches utilize bioclimatic design strategies to address challenges of sustainable development in the context of Bali. Key principles such as building orientation, natural ventilation, material selection, and spatial zoning—rooted in Tri Hita Karana and Asta Kosala-Kosali philosophies—not only ensure thermal comfort and energy efficiency but also strengthen the local identity and resilience of Balinese communities. Through multidisciplinary analysis, the study highlights the adaptation of vernacular techniques with modern innovations, demonstrating how resilient and bioclimatic architecture contributes significantly to several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including climate action, sustainable cities, and cultural preservation. This approach offers a valuable model for regions facing rapid urbanization and environmental changes, affirming that sustainable architecture must embrace both tradition and innovation to achieve long-term resilience and ecological harmony.

SPECTROSCOPIC AND THERMAL ANALYSIS OF TiO2 BASED QUATERNARY GLASS SYSTEM

Dr.P.Shalini Priya Dharsini — 2025-11-14

The quaternary glass systems of B₂O₃ – CdO – R₂O – TiO₂ (R=Li, Na and K) with different compositions of TiO₂ are prepared by melt - quench technique. Amorphous nature of these glasses has been confirmed from their XRD profiles. SEM analysis is carried out to study the morphological modification created by the modifier oxide. IR technique is used to investigate the structural changes with respect to composition in the glass systems and functional groups at different modification levels. Differential thermal analysis is used to identify the glass transition temperature, crystallization temperature and melting temperature of the glass samples. The glass stability factor and Hruby’s parameter are calculated from the above mentioned temperatures. The properties and structural features of glasses are discussed in terms of relative proportion as well as field strength of alkali oxide.

EXPLORING STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF CHAT PDF INTEGRATED TO TRI HITA KARANA FOR ENHANCING STUDENTS' READING COMPREHENSION

Ni Made Yuniari — 2025-11-14

This study will focus on how Chat PDF AI can be incorporated with the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana in order to enhance reading comprehension among the students in a critical reading course. Tri Hita Karana reflects the concepts of harmony and balance in the three basic relationships, i.e. humans and God (parhyangan), humans and fellow human beings (pawongan) and humans and nature (palemahan). In this study a sequential explanatory design was employed with mixed methods whereby 20 respondents were sampled using quantitative data and 5 students were sampled using qualitative data who were students in the Department of English Education, Dwijendra University. The results were predominantly positive in the affective area because 86.7 percent of students had their attitudes towards critical reading improved, 80 percent said that it was easier to read a text, and 70 percent said that they were confident in difficult material. This integration enhanced the affective and cognitive motivational dimension qualitatively as 66.7% of them said their motivation increased and 80 percent of the respondents enjoyed the critical reading integration exercise. The three major themes that were found with the use of qualitative methods included affective domain, learning, and ease of use and accessibility. The fusion between the local philosophy and the AI technology and culturally responsive pedagogy highlighted the work.

MULTIDISCIPLINARY SYNERGY IN DRIVING SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION: TRANSFORMING THE MANAGEMENT ECOSYSTEM TOWARD ACHIEVING THE SDGs

Gusti Ayu Mahanavami — 2025-11-14

The transformation towards sustainable development demands a collaborative and interdisciplinary management ecosystem. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of multidisciplinary synergy in driving sustainable innovation in Bali, a region with a unique socio-cultural structure. The research approach uses exploratory qualitative methods with in-depth analysis. The results show that multidisciplinary synergy is formed through the interaction of technical, social, and managerial knowledge integrated in the practice of innovation based on the local culture of Tri Hita Karana. Collaborative leadership and adaptive governance are the main catalysts for the successful integration of economic, social, and environmental dimensions. This study contributes theoretically by offering a conceptual model of the Local-Based Multidisciplinary Synergy Framework, which integrates the Quadruple Helix with Balinese local wisdom values. Practically, the research results provide direction for local governments and educational institutions to strengthen the collaborative ecosystem in realizing the SDGs at the local level.

MEKARE-KARE TRADITION AS SPORTSMANSHIP AND CULTURAL RESILIENCE

Putu Ronny Angga Mahendra — 2025-11-14

This study explores the Mekare-kare tradition as a means of cultivating sportsmanship and cultural resilience. Mekare-kare, a traditional ritual from Tenganan Pegringsingan, Bali, involves a mock battle with pandan leaves. The research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design, gathering data through interviews, observation, and document analysis. The findings reveal that Mekare-kare embodies values of respect, discipline, and humility, fostering fair play and cultural identity. It serves as a platform for community engagement, cultural preservation, and character education, highlighting the potential of local traditions in shaping a generation that is both competitive and culturally aware. This tradition also fosters values for individuals to maintain their culture in the face of globalization and modernization.

BAMBOO ARCHITECTURE IN BALI: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY PATHWAY TOWARD SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AND SDGs

Ni Putu Yunita Laura Vianthi — 2025-11-14

This research examines bamboo architecture in Bali as a multidisciplinary approach to sustainable tourism and SDG achievement. Through qualitative analysis of Green School Bali, Green Village, and Penglipuran Bamboo Forest, the study investigates how bamboo construction integrates traditional wisdom with modern sustainability principles. Findings demonstrate that bamboo architecture significantly contributes to SDG 8, 11, 12, and 13 through green job creation, carbon emission reduction, and community empowerment. Cross-disciplinary collaboration among architects, engineers, and local communities enables effective sustainable tourism development. This study provides a replicable model for community-based sustainable architecture that balances economic growth, environmental preservation, and cultural heritage conservation globally.

MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES AND GLOBAL COLLABORATIONS

Padmavathi Kannadhasan — 2025-11-14

Foreign alliances and market entry strategies are now essential elements of successful international corporate operations in an economy that is becoming more and more globalized. Choosing the appropriate entrance strategy is crucial for businesses looking to grow internationally in order to obtain a competitive advantage and sustain expansion. This study examines and evaluates the relative efficacy of the main market entry strategies, such as exporting, licensing, franchising, joint ventures, strategic alliances, and wholly owned subsidiaries, across a range of company circumstances. According to the study's findings, strategic choices must align with organizational goals, available resources, risk tolerance, and the target market's political, economic, and cultural context in order to be effective. The study also emphasizes the value of international partnerships as a driving force behind innovation, information exchange, and market adaptability. Businesses can acquire cutting-edge technologies, capitalize on complementary strengths, and get beyond obstacles to market penetration through cross-border partnerships and alliances. The study also looks at the increasing role that global networks and digital platforms play in enabling smooth cross-border and cross-industry collaborations. According to studies, companies that use adaptable, research-based, and culturally aware strategies have a higher chance of long-term success in international marketplaces. According to the paper's conclusion, organizational resilience and long-term global competitiveness depend on the integration of strong market entrance strategies with smart international relationships.

ENGINEERING SOCIETY THROUGH URBAN ARCHITECTURE: STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE CITY DEVELOPMENT

Frysa Wiriantari — 2025-11-14

The rapid progression of urbanization, coupled with ecological degradation and social fragmentation, calls for a paradigm shift in understanding urban architecture not merely as an aesthetic pursuit but as a mechanism that actively shapes social behavior and collective consciousness. This study investigates how urban design functions as an instrument of social engineering capable of fostering inclusivity, resilience, and sustainability in the urban environment. The objective is to formulate an integrative model that explains how spatial strategies influence civic interaction and environmental awareness in the context of sustainable city development.

Employing a qualitative comparative approach, this research analyzes three case studies from different regions Superkilen Park in Copenhagen, Kampung Akuarium in Jakarta, and The High Line in New York City. Data were obtained from peer-reviewed journals, project documentation, and relevant urban policy reports, then analyzed thematically through three dimensions: spatial form, social mechanism, and sustainability outcome.

The findings reveal that well-conceived urban design transforms architectural spaces into social ecosystems that strengthen empathy, cooperation, and ecological awareness. Participatory design and adaptive reuse emerge as key strategies linking physical form with behavioral transformation and civic resilience. The study introduces an Integrative Model of Urban Architecture as Social Engineering, positioning design as a proactive medium that shapes both culture and sustainability.

In conclusion, architecture transcends its material and technical functions—it becomes a deliberate act of engineering social relationships, fostering collective well-being, and guiding cities toward a sustainable and inclusive future

AUGMENTED REALITY-BASED MOCKUP MEDIA: AN INNOVATION FOR STRENGTHENING CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION

I Putu Ardita Yoga Saputra — 2025-11-14

This study aims to develop an Augmented Reality-based mockup media to improve students' understanding of concepts such as the human digestive system in grade 5 at SD Negeri 6 Sumerta. This is a development study using the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects consisted of two media experts, two subject matter experts, and users comprising 31 students and two teachers. The research objects included the validity and practicality of the Augmented Reality-based model media, as well as the understanding of science concepts related to the human digestive system. The data collection instruments used were media and material validation sheets, media practicality questionnaires, and science concept comprehension tests. The research data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results of the study show that the media validity test obtained a score of 0.96 with a very high criterion, then the material validity test obtained a score of 0.84 with a very high criterion, the practicality test results from 2 practitioners obtained an average score of 96.5% with a very practical criterion, then the effectiveness test results from the science concept comprehension test obtained an average score of 87.5 with a very good criterion. The conclusion of this study is that the Augmented Reality-based mockup media developed has met the criteria for implementation in science learning and is effective in improving the comprehension of science concepts on the human digestive system in grade 5 at SD Negeri 6 Sumerta.

THE MESURYAK TRADITION AS A MEDIUM FOR STRENGTHENING CHARACTER EDUCATION AND CULTURAL LITERACY BASED ON BALINESE LOCAL WISDOM

I Gusti Ayu Putu Istri Aryasuari — 2025-11-14

Tradition Mesuryak or Megarangan is one of the Balinese intangible cultural heritages that still survives today, particularly in Tabanan Regency. This tradition is held every year after the Kuningan holiday celebrations as an expression of gratitude and joy for the community in sending off the spirits of their ancestors who return to the afterlife. This study aims to examine the values of character education and cultural literacy contained in the implementation of this tradition.MesuryakThe research method used is descriptive qualitative with an ethnopedagogical approach, through observation, interviews, and documentation studies of the community of traditional practitioners in Bongan Village, Tabanan Regency. The results of the study indicate that the traditionMesuryakIt contains a number of important character values such as religiosity, mutual cooperation, gratitude, social solidarity, and a love of local culture. Furthermore, this traditional practice also reflects a living form of cultural literacy, where the community understands, internalizes, and passes on cultural values through collective and symbolic actions.Mesuryaknot only as a medium for cultural preservation, but also as a means of character learning for the younger generation. Thus, the preservation of local traditions such asMesuryakcan be used as a model for strengthening character education based on local wisdom as well as developing cultural literacy in schools and communities.

SYMBOLISM OF WATER IN HINDU LITERATURE: FROM SARASWATI TO TIRTA AMERTA

Ida Ayu Komang Arniati — 2025-11-14

Water in the Hindu tradition not only serves as a physical element that sustains life, but also as a symbol of purity, knowledge, and spiritual transformation. This research aims to examine the symbolism of water in Hindu sacred texts — the Rigveda, the Bhagavad Gītā, and the Purāṇa — as well as to trace its manifestation in the ritual and cultural practices of the Balinese Hindu community. The study was conducted with a qualitative-descriptive approach through textual analysis and symbolic interpretation, using the theory of religious symbols from Mircea Eliade and Émile Durkheim. The results show that water in the Rigveda is seen as the source of life and cosmic harmony; in the Bhagavad Gītā, water is the embodiment of God's presence in the material world; while in the Purāṇa, the myth of Tirta Amerta affirms water as a symbol of immortality and wisdom. This finding finds its actualization in the tirtha tradition in Bali which serves as a medium of purification and ecological ethics. The symbolism of water in this context shows the integration between theology, culture, and ecological consciousness, and provides the basis for the development of Hindu environmental theology (eco-theology) that is relevant to the challenges of modern times.

LEGAL CERTAINTY FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTION PARTICIPANT SOCIALIZATION BEFORE THE 2024 ELECTION CAMPAIGN PERIOD

Ni Nengah Agustin Citrawati — 2025-11-14

Legal certainty in an election can create justice for all parties, especially election participants, this can be realized with effective arrangements in resolving all election problems contained in an election law. In this study, the researcher wrote with the title Legal Certainty of the Implementation of the Socialization of Election Participants Before the Election Campaign Period in 2024. How is the legal certainty of the implementation of the socialization of political parties participating in the election before the election n campaign period in 2024, 2. How is the process of political parties participating in the election in conducting socialization before the election campaign period in 2024?. The author discusses using several theories including State Law Theory, Legal Certainty Theory, Democracy Theory and Justice Theory. Based on the results of the author's research, legal certainty in the implementation of socialization of political parties participating in the election before the election campaign stage in 2024, there needs to be a straightforward and directed explanation that explains a meaning in the norm in the application of socialization activities. the process of implementing socialization activities carried out by political parties participating in the election before the start of the campaign stage, which raises problems in its implementation because the norms it regulates are experiencing normative vagueness and do not strictly regulate sanctions against violations committed

CHALLENGE OF CROSS-CULTURAL CORPORATE COMMUNICATION IN ENGLISH WITHIN GLOBAL WORKPLACE

MAJOR (NCC) SUPREMAKAR MONDITHOKA — 2025-11-14

In the current globalized marketplace, English has emerged as the main communication medium in businesses in the workplace around the world. Although English has served as a common ground, cross-cultural differences in communication styles, attitudes, and perceptions tend to pose challenges that hamper organizational productivity, teamwork and employee morale. This paper will look at some of the major pitfalls of cross-cultural corporate communication in English when it comes to multinational organizations such as misinterpretation of meaning, and various communication norms, hierarchical perception and non-verbal cues. By means of an integrative interpretation of the available literature and through case-related reflections, the research reveals linguistic and cultural obstacles to efficient interaction. A qualitative approach based on secondary data was used and entailed a synthesis of academic publications and organizational reports. The results suggest that being skilled in English is not enough; cultural intelligence and intercultural preparation, inclusive communication strategies are no less important to eliminate miscommunication. Of great importance is a focus on practical solutions, including adaptive leadership, intercultural workshops, and digital communication tool application. The paper will conclude that in the future global workplace, intercultural competence, in addition to English proficiency is needed in order to maintain productiveness and harmony. There are practical constraints form the use of secondary data and the lack of primary field information that can limit the contextual extrapolation. Future perspectives would require investigations based on empirical analysis and multinational case studies and the creation of AI-based communication support systems to maximize clarity in cross-cultural corporate environments.

TRI HITA KARANA IN THE NYASTRA TRADITION: WELCOMING SARASWATI HOLY DAY

Ida Bagus Made Wisnu Parta — 2025-11-14

Bali has many diverse traditions, including traditional ceremonies, festivals, religious rituals, arts, and many more. The traditions in Bali are inseparable from the teachings of Tri Hita Karana. So that the tradition continues to exist and thrives creating harmonious vibrations in Balinese society. One of the traditions in Bali to commemorate the holy day of Saraswati, namely Nyastra means pursuing literature which tends to have an implicit meaning of "believing in literature". A person who performs nyastra performs brata (fasting) activities. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of the teachings of Tri Hita Karana on the holy day of Saraswati in preserving the tradition of Nyastra. The research method used is a literature study and semiotic theory. The results of this study are to interpret the teachings of Tri Hita Karana on the holy day of Saraswati in preserving the tradition of Nyastra. The implementation of the forms of Nyastra tradition to prepare for the holy day of Saraswati, namely cleaning lontar, reading and interpreting lontar texts, and writing lontar. The relationship between the Nyastra tradition as a form of symbiosis with the celebration of Saraswati Day can be interrelated to create harmony in worshiping knowledge.

ACADEMIC, FINANCIAL, AND OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE IN THE AGRICULTURAL AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING BOARD EXAMINATION (2018, 2019, AND 2021) OF BULACAN AGRICULTURAL STATE COLLEGE

Meriam F. Sulit — 2025-11-14

State Colleges and Universities (SCUs) in the Philippines, licensure examination performance is a legally mandated, fundamental measure of institutional success and program effectiveness. This critical metric is strictly enforced by regulatory bodies, such as the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), as a key requirement for both program accreditation and official compliance standards. Therefore, investigating the key factors affecting board exam performance is essential for effectively understanding, measuring, and implementing targeted interventions to sustain or improve the institution's status. Analysis of Bulacan Agricultural State College – Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (BASC - ABE) Program takers (2018, 2019, 2021) showed a first-attempt passing rate of 67.70%. The correlation results provide clear strategic direction for improving this performance: academic performance is key, as taker’s GWA showed a moderate correlation with passing, establishing achievement during college as a reliable predictor of board exam success; however, working status presents a barrier, showing a negative moderate correlation that indicates the demands of employment significantly interfere with study time and readiness. Furthermore, enrolment in a review center had only a very low correlation, suggesting that the quality and personalized effort in preparation matter significantly more than the simple act of enrolment. Finally, taking the examination during the pandemic showed a high correlation, highlighting the overwhelming influence of external factors on cohort performance. In terms of challenges, respondents overwhelmingly reported emotional distress, including nervousness, pressure, and mental blockage. To address this, the respondents strongly recommend the institution conduct refresher programs or mock examinations and, critically, prepare graduates not just theoretically but also mentally and emotionally for the licensure examination. Further suggestions include implementing more hands-on, output-based learning in the curriculum and upgrading laboratory equipment to create a more conducive learning environment.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST VIOLATIONS OF THE SALE OF TELECOMMUNICATION STARTER CARDS BY USING OTHER PEOPLE'S IDENTITIES

I Made Wahyu Chandra Satriana — 2025-11-14

With the development of information and technology, problems are discovered, one of which concerns the misuse of NIK and KK to register and sell starter cards while active on social media with the aim of making a profit. In response to this, the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia, namely Subdit V Cyber, Ditreskrimsus Polda Bali, has the authority to carry out law enforcement of these violations, However, in its implementation, investigators still found obstacles. Based on this, the author formulates the problem, that is: How is the law enforced against violations of starter card sales by using someone else's identity by Sub-Directorate V Cyber, Ditreskrimsus Polda Bali and What are the obstacles faced in enforcing the law in cases of violations of the sale of starter cards by using another person's identity by Sub-Directorate V Cyber, Directorate of Criminal Investigation of the Bali Police. The theory used is law enforcement theory, authority theory, effectiveness theory, justice theory and legal system theory. This research uses an empirical method that describes das sollen and das sein. Source of legal materials: primary and secondary data. Collection techniques using direct observation techniques, document studies and interviews The conclusion of this research is law enforcement against violations of starter card sales by using other people's identities with two actions including repressive and preventive actions. Then the obstacle faced by Subdit V Cyber Ditreskrimsus Polda Bali in enforcing the law in cases of violations of selling starter cards by using someone else's identity is the difficulty of finding the main perpetrators of this case, namely sellers of NIK and KK and sellers of registered starter cards who use fake accounts. on social media

IMPROVING ADVERTISING TEXT WRITING ABILITIES WITH THE PROJECT BASED LEARNING METHOD ON STUDENTS OF CLASS VIII C OF DWIJENDRA MIDDLE SCHOOL, DENPASAR ACADEMIC YEAR 2024/2025

Ida Ayu Novita Yogan Dewi — 2025-11-14

The development of writing skills, including writing advertising texts, needs serious attention from the most basic level of education, because writing skills are not formed automatically. The low skills of students in writing advertising texts are caused by the lack of interest in reading so that their knowledge and vocabulary are limited and cause students to be less able to express their thoughts through writing. Departing from these problems, researchers try to offer other learning methods to improve students' abilities in writing advertising texts. One of the learning methods that can stimulate student creativity is the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning method. PjBL is an innovative method in student-centered learning because the teacher only acts as a motivator and facilitator. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning method can improve the skills of writing advertising texts of class VIII C students of Dwijendra Middle School. Writing is a language skill used to communicate indirectly, not face-to-face, with others (Tarigan, 2013). Advertising text is an important foundation in understanding how persuasive messages can be created and delivered to audiences effectively. The data collection methods used in this study were tests and observations. The type of test used was a student learning outcome test. This study was a Classroom Action Research (CAR). The approach used was a quantitative approach. The research design consisted of planning, observation, implementation, and reflection, which were carried out through two cycles. The data analysis technique used in this study was descriptive statistical analysis, and informal and formal techniques were used to present the results of the data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the average value of the skills of writing advertising texts using the Project Based Learning (PjBL) method of class VIII C students of Dwijendra Middle School, in the pre-cycle was 66.4 and cycle I was 71.8 and in cycle II it became 75.9. The number of students who completed the pre-cycle was 6 people with a percentage of 21%, cycle I was 11 people with a percentage of 39% and those who had not completed were 17 with a percentage of 61% while in cycle II students who completed were 24 students with a percentage of 86% and those who had not completed were 4 with a percentage of 14%. By looking at the average value obtained, it is hoped that learning about writing advertising texts can be improved again so that it can provide maximum results.

THE ROLE OF FIELD EXTENSION WORKERS IN THE SHALLOT AGRIBUSINESS SYSTEM IN BALI PROVINCE

I Gusti Agung Nyoman Dananjaya1 — 2025-11-14

This study aims to analyze the role of field instructors in the shallot agribusiness system in Bali Province. The shallot agribusiness system consists of several subsystems, namely the procurement of production facilities, farming, processing and marketing, and supporting institutions. This study was conducted in each regency and city in Bali Province. The sample selection in this study used purposive sampling, which is a deliberate selection based on the consideration of the presence of field extension workers in the shallot agribusiness system in Bali Province. Thus, the selected sample consisted of 80 shallot farmers and 17 field agricultural extension workers in Bali Province. Data analysis in this study used descriptive data analysis.

The results of the study show that field extension workers play a strategic role in integrating all subsystems of the shallot agribusiness. In the production means procurement subsystem, extension workers act as facilitators in the provision of appropriate seeds and fertilizers. In the farming subsystem, extension workers function as educators and technical assistants through field schools and demonstration plots. In the processing and marketing aspect, extension workers act as mediators between farmers and business actors to strengthen a fair marketing system. Meanwhile, in the supporting institutions subsystem, extension workers assist farmers in accessing financing, training, and strengthening farmer institutions. Field extension workers play a role not only as disseminators of agricultural innovation, but also as agents of social change who encourage the independence and competitiveness of shallot farmers in Bali. Strengthening the capacity of extension workers, government policy support, and synergy between agribusiness institutions are important factors in realizing a resilient and sustainable shallot agribusiness system.

IMPROVING SCHOOL LIBRARY MANAGEMENT IN BANGKOK, THAILAND: Overcoming Challenges and Embracing Digital Integration

Md Miran Hasan — 2025-11-14

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the current barriers preventing Thai school libraries from operating effectively and efficiently in Bangkok, and how they might be best overcome by means of an automated library system. Though the school libraries are indispensable to a students’ academic success and cognitive growth, however it is under used due to old-fashioned infrastructure condition, finance constraints as well as ill-equipped staff members. The research endeavors to the provide suggestions for reformation with the modernization via digital platforms and professional perfections (Thailand Educational 4.0 Policy).

Design / Methodology/Approach: Both quantitative and qualitative research were collected by a mixed methods strategy.. A survey instrument was used to assess infrastructure, staffing and digital literacy levels of the 25 school librarians as well whereas semi-structured interviews with 10 school administrators from public and private schools. This triangulation methodologically enabled a clear understanding of the operational constraints and supervisory inadequacy in school libraries.

Findings: The study determined the major constraints to effective library administration in Bangkok - lack of funds, inadequate ICT (Information Communication Technology) skills among the school teachers, disconnected cataloguing system and confined interfacing with educational technologies. Many librarians noted difficulties in transitioning libraries from analogue to digital systems due to inadequate training and support. E-library systems, digital cataloging utilities and interactive learning materials are now been grown interest in using. Stakeholders stressed the need for ongoing support to professional development and policy to ensure sustained digital transformation.

Originality/Value: This study will help to fill the gap in this largely ignored area of school library reform in Thailand by offering evidence-based outcomes and practical proposal for its modernizing. Lessons This study demonstrates the importance of integrating skilled human resources, a digital infrastructure, and active community involvement into an integrated management system in juxtaposition to past research focusing mainly on library use. The findings support the national direction of Education 4.0 to develop technology-assisted learning environment.

MARKETING COMMUNICATION STRATEGY TO DEVELOP BRAND AWARENESS AT SAVAYA BALI COMPANY

I Made Sutika — 2025-11-14

Savaya Bali, formerly known as OMNIA Dayclub Bali, faced challenges in rebuilding brand awareness after a name and concept change. This study aims to analyze the marketing communication strategies applied in increasing brand awareness and consumer appeal. The research approach uses a qualitative method with a descriptive design, through observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman models. The results show that Savaya Bali uses communication strategies through social media, digital advertising, event marketing, and word of mouth promotion, with an emphasis on exclusive experiences and luxury branding. This strategy is effective in attracting high-end consumers, despite the challenges of maintaining brand consistency and expanding market share. It is necessary to strengthen digital marketing strategies, increase audience interaction, and collaborate more widely with local communities to strengthen brand awareness in the future.

TAG-SWITCHING IN AI-GENERATED PROMPTS BY ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDENTS

Komang Satria Wirasa — 2025-11-14

Language constitutes a fundamental element of culture, serving not only as a means of communication but also as a reflection of the speakers’ ways of thinking, values, and social identity. In today’s increasingly globalized society, bilingualism has become a common phenomenon, often giving rise to language alternation known as code-switching in various communicative contexts. With the rapid advancement of technology, the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has introduced new modes of interaction between humans and machines, particularly in the field of language learning. This study focuses on tag-switching, a type of code-switching that involves the insertion of a tag phrase or discourse marker from one language into an utterance in another language, as observed in AI-generated prompts produced by students of the English Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Dwijendra University. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and drawing upon Poplack’s (1980) framework, the research analyzed 287 prompts and identified 89 instances of tag-switching. The findings reveal that students frequently insert English or Indonesian tags for functional, expressive, and pragmatic purposes. These results demonstrate that the use of AI in language learning promotes natural bilingual communication patterns while reflecting students’ academic identity, linguistic creativity, and communicative competence in the digital era.

JURIDICAL APPROACH TO THE OPERATIONAL TECHNICAL EVIDENCE IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 146 OF LAW NUMBER 1 OF 2009 ON AVIATION

I Wayan Partama Putra — 2025-11-14

Article 146 of the Aviation Law requires carriers to be responsible for losses caused by delays in the transportation of passengers, baggage, and cargo, unless they are able to prove that such constraints were due to weather factors or operational technical issues. However, this legal provision contains significant ambiguities in the phrases "to prove" and "operational technical," which create legal uncertainty. This study examines the impact of this ambiguity on the contractual liability of airlines and the legal protection of passengers. The research analyzes two main issues: the nature of the norm’s ambiguity and its effects on the rights and obligations of the parties involved. The normative juridical method with a conceptual approach and legislation study was employed, alongside grammatical and systematic interpretation analysis of the Aviation Law, the Civil Code, and related regulations. The study finds that the ambiguity in the norm creates legal gaps that can be exploited by airlines, thereby necessitating regulatory revisions to clarify the evidentiary mechanisms and strengthen consumer protection in order to balance rights and obligations in the aviation industry.

UTILIZING LOCAL CULTURE MATERIALS TO SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS AT A HINDU UNIVERSITY

Ni Nyoman Tantri1 — 2025-11-14

This study explores the integration of the local culture of Central Kalimantan, specifically Batang Garing/ Batang Haring, which represents the Tri Hita Karana (THK) philosophy rooted in the Dayak Hindu Kaharingan community, into English language teaching at a Hindu-based university. Batang Garing, revered as the “Tree of Life”, symbolizes the harmonious relationship among God, humans, and nature, highlighting moral balance, cultural identity, and sustainability. This study addresses the lack of culturally relevant English teaching materials that incorporate learners’ local values and experiences. It aligns with the goals of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) and Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), emphasizing inclusive, equitable, and culturally responsive education.

Employing a qualitative design within the ADDIE framework, the study conducted a comprehensive need analysis through questionnaires and interviews with three English teachers and twenty-five students. Findings reveal that although students recognize the importance of English for academic and communicative purposes, they still face significant challenges in listening, reading, speaking, and writing. Their motivation and engagement increase when learning materials relate to their cultural backgrounds.

The study affirms that local culture materials, integrating Batang Garing values, not only enhance students ‘language proficiency but also promote moral development and cultural sustainability. Embedding local wisdom into English language teaching offers a valuable pathway for achieving sustainable education in both local and global contexts.

FEASIBILITY STUDY ON CONDUCTING A MEDICAL CAMP IN WASHIM DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA

Dr.K.Rao Prashanth Jyoty — 2025-11-14

Healthcare access in rural India remains limited due to poor infrastructure, lack of medical records, and weak sanitation facilities. This study examines the feasibility of conducting a medical camp in Washim District, Maharashtra. The objectives are to evaluate the sanitation practices of the community, analyse prevailing health conditions, and propose the creation of a robust digital and physical medical record system for every individual in the district. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach including surveys, interviews, observational analysis, and secondary data review. Findings indicate high prevalence of water-borne diseases, malnutrition, and inadequate sanitation facilities. Establishing medical camps, supported by a centralized health record system, can significantly improve preventive and curative healthcare delivery in Washim.

AUTHENTIC LEADERSHIP IN EDUCATION: A BALINESE PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE THROUGH TRI KAYA PARISUDHA

I Wayan Aryawan — 2025-11-14

Authentic leadership is increasingly discussed in the world of education because it emphasizes authenticity, reflective awareness, relational transparency, and moral consistency in decision-making. Previous research has shown that authentic leadership is able to increase trust, motivation, and performance in educational organizations. However, most research still focuses on Western perspectives and has not explored the integration of local wisdom as an ethical and spiritual foundation in educational leadership. This is where there is a research gap, namely how authentic leadership can be enriched with local philosophies that have strong moral and spiritual dimensions. This article aims to examine authentic leadership through the perspective of Balinese Hindu philosophy Tri Kaya Parisudha, which emphasizes purity of mind (manacika), speech (wacika), and deeds (kayika). The method used is a literature review with a conceptual-philosophical approach, which examines the theory of authentic leadership in education and connects it with the teachings of Tri Kaya Parisudha as the basis of local values. The analysis was carried out by mapping the linkages between the four dimensions of authentic leadership (self-awareness, relational transparency, internalized moral perspective, and balanced processing) with the three main pillars of Tri Kaya Parisudha. The results show that the integration of the two gives birth to a more complete authentic leadership model: educational leaders are not only consistent in their values and actions, but also uphold purity of thought, word, and deed. This model strengthens trust, harmony, and an ethical climate in the educational community while fostering a holistic character in students. These findings confirm that Balinese local wisdom has the universal potential to enrich the global discourse of educational leadership and provide an ethical framework that can be adapted to multicultural contexts.

THE REINVENTION OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL LEARNING (IPAS) THROUGH P5 PROJECTS TO FOSTER INDEPENDENCE AND STUDENT AGENCY IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Dewi Juniayanti — 2025-11-14

This study explores the implementation of the Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) within the Merdeka Curriculum at SD Dwijendra Denpasar, focusing on how it contributes to the development of self-regulated learning among fourth-grade students. The P5 initiative serves as a pedagogical innovation aimed at fostering the six dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile faith in God Almighty and noble character, global diversity, mutual cooperation, independence, critical thinking, and creativity. Grounded in the philosophical principles of Pancasila, P5 integrates project-based learning (PBL) as a means of cultivating students’ autonomy, responsibility, and moral integrity through contextual and experiential learning. Employing a qualitative descriptive design, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving school leaders, teachers, and students. The analysis followed Miles and Huberman’s interactive model, encompassing data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that P5 implementation at SD Dwijendra Denpasar has significantly enhanced students’ initiative (80%) and responsibility (85%), indicating strong engagement and independence in learning activities. However, aspects such as time management (75%) and problem-solving (70%) still require further guidance. Supporting factors include teacher collaboration, student enthusiasm, and institutional support, while inhibiting factors involve limited time allocation, lack of standardized teaching materials, and varied student readiness. Overall, P5 has proven effective in integrating character education with academic learning, enabling students to internalize Pancasila values through meaningful projects such as environmental awareness and cooperative art activities. Theoretically, this research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on project-based character education within Indonesia’s Merdeka Curriculum. Practically, it offers insights for teachers in designing P5-based learning strategies that nurture independence, critical reflection, and moral development. The study concludes that P5 serves as a transformative medium for building self-regulated, creative, and responsible learners in primary education.

THE ROLE OF HINDU VALUES IN PUBLIC RELATIONS : A COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVE ON RELIGIOUS ENGAGEMENT

Astuti Wijayanti — 2025-11-14

This study explores the role of Hindu values in shaping public relations (PR) practices within religious and cultural contexts. Public relations, in its contemporary understanding, extends beyond institutional image building to encompass the preservation of cultural identity, the cultivation of public trust, and the promotion of social cohesion. Grounded in Hindu philosophical frameworks such as Tri Hita Karana (harmony with the divine, humanity, and nature), Tat Twam Asi (empathy and mutual respect), and Desa Kala Patra (contextual adaptability), this paper argues that Hindu values provide an ethical and sustainable foundation for communication strategies. Employing a conceptual approach through critical literature review and contextual case reflections, the paper highlights how Hindu-based Public Relations (PR) contributes to cultural sustainability and community development. Illustrative examples include the elevation of Nyepi as a global symbol of peace and environmental awareness, and the role of institutions such as Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia (PHDI) in advancing cultural diplomacy and interreligious dialogue. Furthermore, the discussion addresses challenges in the digital era, particularly regarding the risks of misinformation, secularization, and cultural commodification, alongside the opportunities offered by digital platforms for broader engagement. The findings demonstrate that the integration of Hindu values into PR practices enriches the discipline by embedding ethical, empathetic, and culturally resonant principles, thereby supporting the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs), specifically in the domains of cultural preservation and community development.

HYBRID URBAN SPACE: INNOVATION OF PUBLIC SPACES INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY, CULTURE, AND SUSTAINABILITY (Case Study: Denpasar City)

A. A. Ayu Sri Ratih Yulianasari — 2025-11-14

Rapid urbanization and tourism-driven economic growth in Denpasar City have created significant challenges for the continuity of traditional cultural spaces, environmental resilience, and technological transformation of public spaces. As the capital city of Bali, Denpasar’s public spaces are not only urban facilities but also cultural and spiritual arenas shaped by Balinese identity. This research examines the concept of Hybrid Urban Space as an innovative urban design strategy that integrates technology, cultural values, and sustainability into public space development. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study analyzes three major public spaces — Puputan Badung Public Square, Lumintang City Park, and Niti Mandala Renon Civic Park — through field observations, stakeholder interviews, and document analysis. The findings reveal that Denpasar has begun to adopt digital infrastructure such as smart lighting, Wi-Fi services, and surveillance systems; however, the integration remains partial and tends to prioritize functionality over cultural and ecological meaning. The proposed design model highlights four key strategies: adaptive smart technology, cultural-based spatial reinterpretation, sustainable tropical design, and socially adaptive public space programming. The study concludes that hybrid public spaces have strong potential to support inclusivity, maintain cultural authenticity, and enhance environmental resilience while advancing smart city development. This approach contributes to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, especially in the context of culturally distinctive Southeast Asian cities such as Denpasar.

THE ROLE OF LOCAL WISDOM AND DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION IN BALI

Ketut Alit Pratiwi — 2025-11-14

This study aims to analyze the role of local wisdom in development communication in Bali as a social and cultural foundation for achieving sustainable and equitable development. The research focuses on how Balinese local wisdom values, such as Tri Hita Karana, menyama braya, and ngayah, can be integrated into development communication practices that emphasize community participation and local empowerment. The study employs a qualitative approach, using a literature review. Data were collected from academic sources, including scholarly journals, books, research reports, and relevant regional development policies. The analysis was conducted descriptively to identify concepts, communication patterns, and development practices rooted in Balinese cultural values. The findings suggest that local wisdom serves a strategic function as a cultural framework in the development communication process. These cultural values not only act as social and ethical guidelines but also strengthen participation, solidarity, and community trust in development programs. Integrating local wisdom into development communication in Bali promotes a more dialogical, participatory, and sustainable approach, aligning with the principles of community-based development and sustainable communication.

STRATEGIC CULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN BALI, INDONESIA

I Gusti Agung Laksmi Swaryputri — 2025-11-14

Culture serves as a fundamental element shaping the orientation and ethics of sustainable development across social, economic, and environmental dimensions. In the Balinese context, cultural values function not only as a marker of identity but also as a moral compass guiding developmental practices. This research explores how strategic cultural communication contributes to the realization of sustainable development inspired by the local philosophy of Tri Hita Karana, which promotes harmony among humans and God (parahyangan), interpersonal relationships (pawongan), and the natural environment (palemahan). Adopting a qualitative descriptive design, the study collected data through interviews, observations, and document reviews. Participants consisted of traditional figures, tourism stakeholders, and community members involved in culture-based development initiatives within Denpasar and nearby regions. Findings indicate that culturally grounded communication strategies play a vital role in enhancing community participation, raising ecological awareness, and preserving indigenous wisdom in the face of globalization. Rituals, traditional performances, and art-based expressions are found to be effective cultural channels for conveying messages of sustainability. Furthermore, the strategic use of digital media extends communication outreach while maintaining cultural authenticity. The study concludes that the sustainability of Bali’s development relies heavily on the community’s capacity to implement communication approaches rooted in local cultural values. A participatory and culturally respectful communication framework is proven to balance modernization with the preservation of cultural identity.

THE ROLE OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE TOURISM BASED ON BALINESE CULTURE

Ni Made Adi Novayanti — 2025-11-14

Bali is widely recognized as Indonesia’s leading destination for cultural tourism, where local traditions and spiritual values serve as the foundation of development. However, the rapid growth of global tourism has created both opportunities and challenges for maintaining the authenticity of Balinese culture. This article examines the crucial role of intercultural communication in promoting sustainable tourism that aligns with the cultural philosophy of Tri Hita Karana, which emphasizes harmony among humans, nature, and God. Through effective intercultural dialogue, tourism actors—including the government, local communities, and international visitors—can build mutual understanding, minimize cultural conflict, and enhance cooperation in managing tourism activities. Intercultural communication enables the transfer of cultural meanings, helping tourists appreciate Balinese values while empowering local communities to participate actively in decision-making processes. Furthermore, communication practices rooted in local wisdom contribute to the protection of sacred spaces, environmental preservation, and the strengthening of cultural identity in the face of globalization. The study emphasizes that sustainable tourism in Bali should not merely focus on economic gain but must integrate cultural and environmental dimensions through participatory and culturally sensitive communication strategies. In conclusion, the success of tourism development in Bali depends on how well communication bridges the gap between cultural preservation and modernization, ensuring that tourism remains respectful, inclusive, and aligned with the essence of Balinese heritage.

INVESTIGATING EFL INSTRUCTORS’ PRACTICES IN DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING SPEAKING ASSESSMENT RUBRICS

I Gusti Ayu Indah Triana Juliari — 2025-11-14

This study investigates EFL instructors’ practices in designing and implementing speaking assessment rubrics, with a particular focus on the criteria employed and the challenges they face. This study was qualitative research design which obtain a comprehensive understanding of EFL instructors’ in their teaching practices. The instruments used were questionnaire and interview guide to explore Balinese instructors’ experiences, perceptions, and challenges their practices. The findings showed that most instructors employed rubrics derived from institutional standards, teaching materials, or self-developed adaptations. These rubrics typically include indicators such as fluency, pronunciation, grammatical accuracy, vocabulary use, task achievement, and interactional competence. Despite their frequent use, teachers encounter obstacles in tailoring rubrics to various proficiency levels, ensuring cultural appropriateness, and maintaining a balance between detail and practicality. The study also reveals a strong awareness among instructors of Balinese philosophical values Tri Hita Karana and Tat Twam Asi which are viewed as essential to context-based language assessment. Nevertheless, teachers struggle to align cultural sensitivity with the global expectations of English communication, resulting in a pedagogical and philosophical tension between local identity and international standards. Therefore, ongoing professional training and collaborative rubric design are recommended to translate cultural concepts into measurable indicators. Embedding local cultural perspectives in assessment practices is expected to foster fairness, inclusivity, and learner confidence in English speaking performance.

ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT THROUGH OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION IN BUNUTIN VILLAGE, BANGLI REGENCY

Ida Ayu Candrika Dewi — 2025-11-14

The agricultural sector in Bali is not only dominated by commodities such as rice, horticulture, and plantation crops but has also begun to develop toward modern agribusiness, one of which is the cultivation of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus). This study aims to analyze the role of oyster mushroom cultivation in enhancing the economic empowerment of the community in Bunutin Village, Bangli Regency. The background of this research stems from the condition of rural communities that largely depend on conventional agricultural sectors with relatively low income levels. Through the development of oyster mushroom cultivation, the community is encouraged to innovate in managing local resources productively and sustainably.The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and documentation involving oyster mushroom farmers, farmer group leaders, and village government officials. The data obtained were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion-drawing techniques.The results show that the oyster mushroom cultivation program in Bunutin Village has had a significant impact on increasing community income, expanding employment opportunities, and strengthening the entrepreneurial capacity of local farmers. This activity has also raised community awareness of the importance of agricultural diversification and the utilization of agricultural waste as an environmentally friendly growing medium. Furthermore, the support from the village government and assistance from academic institutions have contributed to strengthening the sustainability of this program.Thus, oyster mushroom cultivation has proven to be an effective strategy for economic empowerment in rural communities, particularly in Bali, which possesses favorable agroclimatic potential. Further development is expected to include business management training, innovation in processed mushroom products, and broader market access to create an independent and competitive village economy.

Collaboration on Social Forestry Management in Jembrana Regency, Bali Province

I Wayan Suardika — 2025-11-14

The utilization of the area in the West Bali Forest Management Unit (UPT KPH) is carried out through a social forestry program. Through the social forestry program, the government opens access to forest management involving communities surrounding the forest. The goal of this program is to improve the welfare of communities surrounding the forest while maintaining forest sustainability. Forest, land, and environmental damage, as well as the increase in the number of critical land within forest areas, are caused by suboptimal forest management, one of the causes being limited human resource capacity, so collaboration between all parties is needed. The purpose of this study is to determine how the collaboration carried out by the West Bali Forest Management Unit (UPT KPH) in managing forest areas in Jembrana as evaluation material for improving better and more sustainable forest management. The research results show that collaborative social forestry management with village forest schemes and forestry partnerships in Jembrana Regency involves Forest Farmer Groups (KTH), indigenous communities, Village Governments, Jembrana Regency Governments, NGOs, universities, State-Owned Enterprises, and the West Bali Forest Management Unit (UPT KPH) as the leading sector, an extension of the Bali Provincial Government. A fundamental requirement is to evaluate the performance of social forestry after permits are issued. An analysis of the independence of social forestry groups is crucial to ensure that community-led forest management yields better results. Independence is not only an economic issue, but also concerns the quality of institutions and sustainable forest governance in Jembrana Regency.

Expressive Speech Actsin the BBC World Service Video Entitled “Could AI Chatbots Replace Human Therapists?

Ni Made Dwi Utari Pusparini — 2025-11-14

As a huge media entertainment, youtube serves not only as an entertainment site but also as a powerful medium for education, information sharing, and social awareness. This research investigates the use Expressive speech actsin the BBC World Service video entitled “Could AI chatbots replace human therapists”. The research focuses on the comments on BBC Youtube content entitled “Could AI chatbots replace human therapists?”. This research examines expressive speech acts in the comment section of that video. It aims to identify the types of expressive acts used, and determine each of type is most employed by the commenter. The study applies Searle and Vanderveken’s (1985) classification, which encompasses acts like expressing gratitude, offering apologies, giving congratulations, showing praise, expressing sorrow, boasting, assigning blame, and greeting. It is along with Leech’s (2014) framework of speech act functions, namely competitive, convivial, collaborative, and conflictive. Descriptive qualitative method is employed by the researcher for this research. The data were collected using a note-taking technique, focusing on 20 comments which found on the that video. The finding reveals that there are expressive act found in these data. These act mostly collaborative, convivial and conflictive functions. Furthermore, there are five types of expressive speech act found such as, thanking, praising, sorrowing, blaming, and boasting.

LEVERAGING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO DETECT AND PREVENT FRAUD IN DIGITAL PAYMENTS

Prof. V. Lalitha, Professor — 2025-11-14

Digital payments are big business right now, and what is the new money technology we can do business all over the globe to a level which is astronomical. The company has more vulnerabilities and it is now easier to commit fraud, both online and off. It is happening as electronic payments are growing in popularity because they are more convenient, and may help people with poor credit obtain utilities. The Great American Smokeout Fighting Fraud on the Internet The Scammers Who Steal Hearts and Money There were about 250 men behind a blue-plate glass window in an Appalachian shop who had paid for a shot at pulling up gold, only to learn they would have some weeks of trouble. And this is where the AI has taken safe online payments to another level. Digital payments should be more secure: With AI to catch fraud, we can analyze gigantic amounts of real-time transactional data and halt suspicious activity in its tracks with disruptive methods that prevent the issue before it arises. It even shows how A.I. could be used to stop fraud in the future and what companies and regulators can do to ensure that A.I. comes into the world properly, and shields online payments as it does so. For example, AI-powered platforms and solutions have been driving development of a more secure and predictable online transactions and promoting trust in a global digital economy.

Biomedical Waste: Management Strategies and Their Importance

Karthik Sridhar Kalidoss — 2025-11-14

The infectious, dangerous, and occasionally poisonous nature of biomedical waste (BMW) produced by healthcare facilities presents serious environmental and public health issues. In order to reduce environmental pollution, safeguard healthcare personnel, and stop the spread of illness, biological waste must be managed effectively. This essay examines biological waste management techniques, such as source segregation, secure collection, transportation, treatment and disposal. Modern technologies including autoclaving, incineration, chemical disinfection, and sophisticated recycling techniques are emphasized. Regulatory frameworks, best practices, and the importance of healthcare staff awareness and training are also highlighted in the report. Effective biomedical waste management is crucial to sustainable healthcare systems because it not only guarantees adherence to legal requirements but also dramatically lowers the danger of infection and environmental damage.

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN THE VISITOR FILM: THE ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE STYLE AND FUNCTION

I Komang Dedik Susila — 2025-11-14

Intercultural communication is significantly important in a global society. Language style and language function are essential elements in intercultural communication. This research aims to analyze language style and language function found in intercultural communication by the characters in “The Visitor” film. The data were collected from observation of the scene and conversation between the characters using an observation checklist. The data were analyzed using content analysis. The finding shows that the language styles used in intercultural communication by the characters are formal, consultative, casual, and intimate. Meanwhile, the language functions used in intercultural communication are expressive, directive, referential, metalinguistic, phatic, heuristic, and commissive.

EFFECTIVENESS MODEL OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION FOR SWEET CORN (Zea Mays Saccharata Sturt) FARMING IN SUBAK KUMPUL, BONA VILLAGE, BLAHBATUH DISTRICT, GIANYAR REGENCY

I Nengah Surata Adnyana — 2025-11-14

Corn is a crucial agricultural commodity in Indonesia, playing a strategic role in the national economy. Increased and high-quality corn production can meet food and animal feed needs, as well as increase farmers' incomes. However, many corn farmers still face various challenges, such as low productivity, a lack of knowledge about production inputs and cultivation technology, and limited access to market information and supporting services such as extension services.

Agricultural extension is one way to improve farmers' skills and knowledge in managing agricultural businesses. However, the effectiveness of agricultural extension services still needs to be improved to achieve agricultural development goals.

This study aims to (1) analyze the effectiveness of the availability of sweet corn agricultural production facilities in Subak Kumpul, Bona Village, Blahbatuh District, Gianyar Regency, (2) Analyze the effectiveness of the sweet corn farming subsystem in Subak Kumpul, Bona Village, Blahbatuh District, Gianyar Regency, (3) Develop an effective extension model for sweet corn commodities in Subak Kumpul, Bona Village, Blahbatuh District, Gianyar Regency. The population in this study was 42 people with a sample of 20 farmers. The data were analyzed descriptively, qualitatively and quantitatively.

The results of the study indicate that (1) the availability of agricultural production facilities such as corn seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, cultivators, and hand sprayers is generally considered ineffective in the Subak Kumpul, Bona Village, Blahbatuh District, Gianyar Regency; (2) Corn farming subsystems such as land clearing, plowing, liming, furrowing, organic fertilizer application, planting, and maintenance are considered ineffective in the Subak Kumpul, Bona Village, Blahbatuh District, Gianyar Regency; (3) An effective extension model is implemented through improving the provision of production facilities and farming by implementing direct extension methods in the form of field schools for the provision of production facilities, resulting in high productivity, quality, and income, and the ability to compete with other commodities.

Suggestions that can be made are: (1) fertilizers and pesticides should be prepared in advance when carrying out corn farming, (2) soil cultivation should be carried out before planting.

LIVING HERITAGE AND SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION: ADAPTIVE BAMBOO ARCHITECTURE IN BALI

Desak Made Sukma Widiyani — 2025-11-14

This research explores the integration between living heritage and sustainable innovation through the development of adaptive bamboo architecture in Bali, which combines the preservation of traditional cultural values with modern technology to create environmentally friendly architectural solutions. Bamboo architecture has been an integral part of Balinese building traditions that reflects the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana - harmony between humans, nature, and the spiritual world, where bamboo as a material with tensile strength comparable to steel and superior sustainability properties offers solutions with negative carbon footprint. Technological innovations in Balinese bamboo architecture, as seen in projects like Green School and Green Village by IBUKU, have achieved breakthroughs through modern techniques such as the use of adaptive sensors, algorithmic optimization for bamboo element placement, and boron treatment for long-term durability. Adaptive bamboo architecture combines traditional Balinese craftsman expertise with modern engineering techniques, maintaining traditional aesthetic principles such as open spatial layouts and natural ventilation while integrating innovations in connection systems and construction technology. This study demonstrates that the living heritage approach in adaptive bamboo architecture in Bali has the potential to become a global model for sustainable development that respects cultural heritage, bridging the originality of the past with future sustainability through innovative solutions applicable in various global contexts.

Environmental Protection and Management as stipulated in Article 3 of the 2009 Environmental Management Law, specifically organic and non-organic waste.

Ni Putu Yunika Sulistyawati — 2025-11-14

Waste is the remaining waste from a product or item that is no longer used, but can still be recycled into valuable items. Organic waste is waste that comes from the remains of living things that are easily decomposed naturally without human intervention to be able to decompose. Organic waste can be said to be environmentally friendly waste and even waste can be reprocessed into something useful if managed properly. But waste if not managed properly will cause disease and unpleasant odors resulting from the rapid decomposition of organic waste. Inorganic waste is waste that is no longer used and is difficult to decompose. Inorganic waste that is buried in the ground can cause soil pollution because inorganic waste is classified as a substance that is difficult to decompose and the waste will be buried in the ground for a long time, this causes damage to the soil layer and Inorganic Waste inorganic waste is plastic, bottles / cans of drinks, plastic bags, used tires, iron, glass, cables, electronic goods, Light bulbs and plastic. While inorganic waste is difficult to decompose, it can be reused; don't just leave it lying around. The type of research used in this study is legal research with empirical aspects of Environmental Protection and Management, as stipulated in Article 3 of the 2009 Law on Environmental Protection and Management, specifically organic and non-organic waste. Related to Environmental Protection and Management, as stipulated in Article 3 of the 2009 Law on Environmental Protection and Management, specifically organic and non-organic waste, to protect the ecosystem from waste pollution and maintain its sustainability to prevent pollution and environmental damage in the Denpasar area from its disposal. This violates Article 98 paragraph 1 of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management.

THE POTENTIAL OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER TO ENHANCE RICE SEEDLING GROWTH IN SUBAK BURUAN, PENEBEL DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY

Ni Made Intan Maulina — 2025-11-14

The use of organic fertilizer has gained increasing attention as a sustainable strategy to improve soil fertility and crop productivity while reducing dependence on synthetic inputs. This study aims to evaluate the potential of organic fertilizer in enhancing the growth of rice seedlings in Subak Buruan, Penebel District, Tabanan Regency, Bali. The research was conducted using a randomized complete block design with four treatments, namely control (without fertilizer), compost-based organic fertilizer, liquid organic fertilizer, and a combination of compost and liquid organic fertilizer. Each treatment was replicated three times. Parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, root length, and seedling biomass at 21 days after sowing. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer significantly affected all observed growth parameters. The combination of compost and liquid organic fertilizer produced the highest plant height (28.6 cm), number of leaves (5.4 leaves), root length (12.8 cm), and dry biomass (1.92 g seedling⁻¹). These findings indicate that organic fertilizer can effectively improve early rice growth by enhancing nutrient availability and soil biological activity. The use of organic fertilizer is therefore recommended as an environmentally friendly alternative to support sustainable rice cultivation systems in Subak Buruan.

IMPLEMENTATION OF PANCASILA VALUES IN CHARACTER FORMING GRADE IX E STUDENTS OF DWIJENDRA SMP DENPASAR IN THE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR

Adrianus Ahas — 2025-11-14

In the current era of globalization and modernization, the influence of foreign culture and technological developments is increasing, so concrete efforts are needed to maintain and strengthen students' character based on Pancasila values. The purpose of this study is to develop students' way of thinking in writing scientific papers in written form. The method used is Qualitative, Based on the results of all data collected through questionnaires and interviews obtained in this study, the researcher discusses how the Implementation of Pancasila Values in shaping the character of class IX E students of Dwijendra Middle School Denpasar.

The results obtained from the average score of a questionnaire distributed to six students representing 29 grade IX E students at Dwijendra Middle School, Denpasar, showed that the average religious value was 83.34%. This can be seen from the implementation of communal worship activities in the school environment (83.34%). Students who are always taught tolerance among others (83.34%) rated religious values frequently applied in Civics lessons. The average religious value of honesty (83.34%) rated honesty values very frequently applied in Civics lessons.

Conclusion: The results of the analysis of the implementation of Pancasila values in shaping students' character, namely the Pancasila value of belief in one almighty God, are where teachers apply the value of honesty. The results of the analysis of the implementation of Pancasila values in shaping students' character, namely the Pancasila value of just and civilized humanity, indicate that character formation is through the value of tolerance. The results of the analysis of the implementation of Pancasila values in shaping the character of students are the values of Pancasila unity of Indonesia, namely the value of hard work, the value of love for the homeland. The results of the analysis of the implementation of Pancasila values in shaping the character of students are the values of Pancasila Democracy led by the Wisdom of Deliberation/Representation, namely openness to new opinions and ideas. The results of the analysis of the implementation of Pancasila values in shaping the character of students are the values of Pancasila social justice, namely the value of environmental care, the value of social care.